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Eliza Tibbets (born Eliza Maria Lovell; 1823–1898) was among early American settlers and founders of Riverside, California; she was an activist in Washington, DC for progressive social causes, including freedmen's rights and universal suffrage before going to the West Coast. A spiritualist, she led seances in Riverside. She became known for successfully growing the first two hybrid Washington navel orange trees in California. Married twice, she had a relationship with Luther C. Tibbets, living with him in Virginia and moving with him from Washington, DC to California in the early 1870s. They married there and lived by agriculture. Her success with the trees contributed to adoption by farmers of this variety of orange tree and rapid expansion of the citrus industry and the historic cultural landscape of orange groves in California, United States.〔California State Parks, ''California Citrus State Historic Park.'' (Sacramento: 2002)〕〔U.S. Congress. House, Congressman Ketnner of CA ''Remarks on the Washington Navel Orange Anniversary Celebration'', Cong. Rec. 63rd Cong. 2d Sess. (3 Sep. 1914), 3.〕 ==Early years== Born in Cincinnati on August 5, 1823, Eliza Maria Lovell was the youngest child of Oliver and Clarissa Downes Lovell.〔May Lovell Rhodes and Thomas D. Rhodes, 1924 ''A Biographical Genealogy of the Lovell Family in England and America'', Asheville, N.C.: Biltmore Press, 75.〕 Pioneers to early Ohio, the Lovells had migrated to Cincinnati from Boston in 1812, traveling by covered wagon, then by ark (river boat).〔Rhodes and Rhodes, 1924, pp. 202–06.〕 The Lovell family became prominent in the frontier town. Eliza's father was elected to several positions; as a town councilman, city councilman, and President of the Fire Wardens' Association; he was called as a New Jerusalem minister, and selected as a trustee of the city water works, the Woodward School,〔Charles Theodore Greve, ''Centennial History of Cincinnati and Representative Citizens'', Vol 1, (Chicago: Biographical Pub., 1904), ''passim''〕〔See also Charles Cist, ''Cincinnati in 1841'', (Cincinnati: The Author, 1841)〕〔''The Cincinnati directory containing the names, profession and occupation of the inhabitants'' ..., (Cincinnati, Ohio: Oliver Farnsworth, 1819)〕〔Annals of the New Church, (Philadelphia: Academy of the New Church, 1898), 396, 412.〕 and the Academy of Fine Arts.〔Ophia D. Smith, "Frederick Eckstein: The Father of Cincinnati Art," ''Bulletin of the Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio,'' 9 (October 1951): 274.〕 Her maternal uncle "Commodore" John Downes was a well-known and highly decorated officer of the War with Tripoli and the War of 1812.〔(John Downes ), Naval Historical Center website. Accessed 4 March 2008.〕 He commanded the Mediterranean Squadron and later the Pacific Squadron.〔 Downes’ ship became the first U.S. naval vessel to circumnavigate the globe.〔('Potomac' ), Hazegray Online. Accessed 4 March 2008.〕 The Lovells were members of the Swedenborgian Church of the New Jerusalem in Cincinnati; it was based on the writings of Swedish scientist and mystic, Emanuel Swedenborg. Their congregation included intelligent, cultured, and influential people who loved good literature, music, painting, the theater and other arts.〔Smith, "Adam Hurdus", p. 113.〕 Cincinnati church members included inventors Jacob, William & R. P. Resor, publisher Benjamin and sculptor Hiram Powers, clockmaker Luman Watson, artist Mary Menessier Beck, educators Alexander Kinmont, Frederic Eckstein, and M. M. Carll, and theatrical agent Sol Smith.〔Smith, "Adam Hurdus", p. 120〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eliza Tibbets」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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